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Classification / Names
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes
(Perch-likes) > Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small +
Peneus, the name of a river.
Environment / Climate / Range Ecology
Marine; brackish; reef-associated; depth range 10 - 30 m
(Ref. 48636). Tropical; 19°N - 23°S
Size / Weight / Age
Max length : 45.0 cm TL male/unsexed; common length : 35.0
cm TL male/unsexed
Short description (Morphology | Morphometrics)
Dorsal spines (total): 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Anal
spines: 1; Anal soft rays: 7. Diagnosis: Pectoral rays 16 (rarely 15 or 17).
Gill rakers 5-7 + 18-21 (total 24-27)> Body depth 3.25-3.75 in SL; head
length (HL) 2.9-3.25 in SL; snout length 1.65-1.95 in HL; barbel length 1.3-1.5
in HL. Longest dorsal spine 1.5-1.8 in HL; penultimate dorsal ray about equal
to last dorsal ray in juveniles, 1.05-1.2 in length of last dorsal ray of
adults; pectoral-fin length 1.35-1.55 in HL; pelvic-fin length 1.3-1.5 in HL.
Body greenish brown to reddish brown dorsally, the scale edges narrowly dark,
shading to whitish or pale pink ventrally, with a nearly round black spot as
large or larger than eye on side of caudal peduncle, two-thirds of which lies
above the lateral line; a large, horizontally elongate yellow spot (sometimes
partly white) on lateral line below interdorsal space; barbels white; irregular
pale blue lines extending anteroventrally and dorsoposteriorly from eye; second
dorsal and anal fins with irregular oblique pale blue lines; caudal fin
yellowish gray with faint blue lines paralleling rays; peritoneum dark brown
(pale brown to white in other species of the genus except Parupeneus
barberinus).
Distribution
Indo-Pacific: Yemen coast of the Gulf of Aden and southern
Oman, along the east coast of Africa to Port Alfred, South Africa (33°S), east
to the Caroline and Somoan islands; southern Japan to southern Queensland.
Biology
Inhabit shallow sandy or silty areas (seagrass substrata) of
coastal and inner lagoon reefs. Occur singly or in schools. Large adults
usually at moderate depths to about 30 m. Feed on benthic invertebrates; the
diet including small crabs, amphipods, shrimps, small octopuses, polychaete
worms, and small fishes. Marketed fresh.
Main reference
Randall, J.E., 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus Parupeneus
(Perciformes: Mullidae), with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pac. Fish.
(36):64 p.
IUCN Red List Status
Not Evaluated
CITES
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
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